Wearable OLEDs - Introduction and Latest Industry News
What are wearables?
Wearable computers, also called ‘wearables’, are technological devices that can be worn as clothing or accessories. Some wearables are based on relatively simple technology, similar to a scaled-down desktop computer, but some involve innovative technologies. Wearables include different products, such as fitness bands, wearable headsets, smart watches, healthcare monitoring and displays embedded in textiles.
The wearables market is diverse, but faces similar challenges like minimizing size and weight of components, deciding on optimal display location, choosing suitable services and applications to provide and balancing cost-to-price ratios. Most devices commercial today are either fitness bands or smartwaches, and VR/AR HMDs.
What is an OLED?
OLED is a light-emitting diode built from thin films of organic electroluminescent material sandwiched between electrodes. OLED devices emit light when current is run through them, and are used to develop display and lighting panels. OLED screens are thinner, lighter, more efficient and offer better performance and color quality than other existing technologies.
OLEDs divide into 2 groups: AMOLEDs and PMOLEDs, which refers to how the screen is addressed by the electronics of the device. Simple wearables such as fitness bands sometimes adopt PMOLED displays, while smartwatches and VR headsets opt for AMOLEDs. Here's more information about AMOLED vs. PMOLED technologies.
The OLED wearables market
OLED displays are very popular in the wearables market - thanks to the great image quality, the low power consumption and to the design possibilities enabled by flexible OLEDs. Today OLED is the dominant wearable display technology, and most high-end smartwatches, fitness bands adopt OLED displays, including both Apple's and Samsung's smartwatch ranges. Here's our comprehensive list of wearable devices that use OLED displays.
Google launches three new smartphones, a foldable phone and a new smartwatch all powered by AMOLED displays
Google announced five new devices, all powered by AMOLED displays. We'll start with the Pixel 9 smartphone series, with the plain Pixel 9 offers a 6.3" 120Hz 2,700 nits (peak) 1080x2424 AMOLED display, a Google Tensor G4 chipset, 12GB of RAM and 256 GB of storage. The Pixel 9 Pro offers a 6.3" 3,000 nits (peak) 120Hz 1280x2856 LTPO AMOLED, and up to 16 GB of RAM and 1 TB of storage. The Pixel 9 Pro XL offers a similar but larger display - 6.8" 1344x2992 LTPO AMOLED.
Google's Pixel 9 Pro Fold smartphone is based on a 8" 120Hz 2,700 nits (peak) 2076x2152 foldable LTPO AMOLED display, and an external 6.3" 120Hz 1080x2424 AMOLED. The Pixel 9 Pro Fold is powered by a Google Tensor G4 chipset, and offers up to 16GB of RAM and up to 512GB of storage.
Researchers develop an OLED-on-OTFT process to create high aperture wearable OLED devices
Researchers from China's Northeast Normal University developed a new integration strategy (called “discrete preparation-multilayer lamination”) that enables the deposition of OLED devices directly on top of OTFT transistors, to enable high-aperture wearable skin-patch OLED devices.
The new method starts with the preparation of the different layers on different substrates to avoid chemical and physical damage caused by process interferences, and then the transfer of the OLED devices onto the OTFT transistors. The researchers say that the resulting AMOLED display offers a high apreture ratio (83%), high mobility
Reports suggest that Meta is working on two VR headsets, one with miniLED displays and the other with microOLED displays
Reports suggest that Meta (Facebook) is developing two new VR headsets, with very different display technologies - one with mini-LED displays, and the other with OLED microdisplays (as we reported in August 2021).
The Oculus Quest Pro (codenamed Cambria) will be based on mini-LED displays, . Meta aims to launch the Quest Pro in the summer of 2022 and hopes to sell 3 million headsets by the end of the year.
Facebook launches the affordable Oculus Go VR headset with a fast-switch LCD
Oculus (Facebook) announced its new affordable VR headset, the Oculus Go. This $199 device will launch early next year for $199 and Facebook hopes that this will be a step towards its goal to get one billion people to use its VR products.
One of the ways that Oculus used to lower the cost of to Go headset is to switch from an OLED to an LCD. Oculus says that this is a "fast-switch LCD". It's too early to say how this display will compare to the current OLED used in the Oculus Rift. Looking at the slide above, it seems that the Go uses a single 2560x1440 LCD.
LGD and SDC consider dedicated OLED production lines to VR applications
The VR market is set for very fast growth in the next few years, and OLED displays are the best displays for this market - mostly because of the fast response time which is required for such applications. OLEDs also offer, of course, a better image quality, better colors, lighter weigh and better efficiency.
As companies such as Apple, Samsung, Google, Facebook and Sony enter this market, display makers are starting to develop products specifically for VR headsets. According to a report from Business Korea, the major problem with VR today is the screen density - a good VR experience requires a screen resolution that is at least three times higher than that of a mobile phone display (which is currently at around 500 PPI).
Mark Zuckerberg: OLED displays are the best ones for a good VR experience
Facebook's CEO, Mark Zuckerberg, gave a short keynote speech last week about Virtual Reality. Mark talks about the collaboration between Oculus (owned by Facebook) and Samsung, and specifically mentions the OLED displays - which are the only displays that can deliver a good comfortable VR experience.
Here's Mark exact quote, you can find it at about 3:45 in the full-keynote video above: "Samsung is the only company that can deliver, at scale, the low-persistence OLED screens to give a good, comfortable VR experience ,and that’s because these OLED screens are the only screens that can update faster than your eye. No other screen and display or company can deliver this experience.".
Samsung announces the Z Flip6 and Z Fold6 foldable smartphones, and two new OLED wearables
Samsung announced today four new devices - two foldable smartphones, and two smartwatches, all with AMOLED displays. All of these devices will ship on July 24.
First we have the latest clamshell smartphone, the Galaxy Z Flip6 - that has a foldable 6.7" 120Hz 2,600 nits 1080x2640 LTPO AMOLED display. It also has a 3.4" 720x748 Super AMOLED cover display.
Omdia: adoption of OLEDs in smartwatch applications grows to 37% of the market
Omdia says that it expects the global smartwatch display market to reach 359 million units in 2024 (up from 259 million units in 2022). OLEDs hold a 37% market share (132 million units).
Omdia says that the leading smartwatch OLED producers, in the first half of 2024, are LG Display (Apple's main supplier), Everdisplay and Tianma - which together hold a 53% market share. China-based wearable OLED production accounts to 64% of the total market.
Tianma shows its latest OLEDs and MicroLEDs at Displayweek 2024
China-based Tianma had an impressive booth at Displayweek 2024, showing numerous OLED and microLED displays and prototypes.
For the automotive market, Tianma showed three new display prototypes. First up is a 13" slidable OLED, with an embedded touch panel, aimed towards car dashboards or center controls.
Japan Display to start producing eLeap laptop displays at its 6-Gen Mobara fab, ahead of schedule
In 2022, Japan Display (JDI) announced that it has developed a "historic breakthrough in display technology" - a new OLED deposition process which they refer to as eLEAP, that is said to be cost effective and can be used to create freeform OLEDs that are brighter, more efficient, and longer lasting compared to OLEDs produced using mask evaporation (FMM).
JDI is planning to establish a 8.7-Gen eLEAP fab in China, and it is also building a smaller-scale 6-Gen eLEAP production line in Mobara, Japan. The company announced that the 6-Gen Mobara fab is advancing ahead of schedule, and production of eLEAP panels will begin before the end of 2024. JDI developed 14" laptop panels that are three times brighter than other OLEDs (at 1,600 nits), and is also targeting smartwatches, smartphones and automotive displays. JDI is also looking into adopting a tandem structure, to increase brightness even further to 3,000 nits.
